Domestic and T20 Franchise Career

On 10 August 2017, he made his List A debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2017 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament. On 11 September 2017, he made his Twenty20 debut for Boost Defenders in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League. In In November 2017, he was signed by Comilla Victorians for the 2017–18 Bangladesh Premier League season.

In January 2018, he was purchased by the Kings XI Punjab as part of the 2018 IPL auction. On April 8, 2018, he became the youngest cricketer to play in the Indian Premier League at the age of 17 years and 11 days.

In May 2018, he was signed by Hampshire County Cricket Club to take part in the 2018 T20 Blast tournament in England. In September 2018, he was named in Nangarhar's squad for the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament. With twelve dismissals in nine games, he was by far Nangarhar Leopards' leading wicket-taker in the tournament.

In February 2019, he was signed by Middlesex County Cricket Club to take part in the 2019 t20 Blast tournament in England. In November 2019, he was selected to play for Cumilla Warriors in the 2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League. On 30 December 2020, in the 2020–21 Big Bash League season, he took his first five-wicket haul in T20 cricket, taking 5 for 15 for the Brisbane Heat against the Hobart Hurricanes. In February 2021, Mujeeb was purchased by Sunrisers Hyderabad as part of the IPL auction ahead of the 2021 Indian Premier League.

International Career

He was the leading wicket-taker in the 2017 ACC U19 Asian Cup with twenty wickets in five matches, helping Afghanistan to their first ACC U19 Cup title. Due to this performance, he was named in the Afghanistan One Day International (ODI) squad for the series against Ireland in December 2017. He made his ODI debut for Afghanistan on December 5, 2017 against Ireland. On his debut, he took 4 wickets for 24 runs from his quota of 10 overs, helping his team win by 138 runs. He was named man of the match for his performance.

In December 2017, he was named in the Afghanistan squad for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Afghanistan against Zimbabwe on 5 February 2018. On 16 February 2018 against Zimbabwe in Sharjah, Mujeeb took his first ODI five-wicket haul.

He became the youngest player ever to achieve an ODI five-wicket haul and was named man of the match.

In February 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named Mujeeb as one of the ten players to watch ahead of the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament. On March 15, 2018, in the first match of the Super Sixes at the World Cup Qualifier, he took 3 wickets for 33 runs against the West Indies. He also took a catch off the bowling of Rashid Khan as Afghanistan beat them by three wickets, with Mujeeb picking up his third ODI Man of the Match award.

During the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifying final between the West Indies and Afghanistan, Mujeeb returned with figures of 4/43 in 9.5 overs and helped Afghanistan restrict the West Indies to a score of 204. Chasing the target of 205, Afghanistan lost just three wickets with ten overs to spare and claimed their first ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier title. He was also the leading wicket-taker of the tournament along with fellow Scottish wrist spinners Rashid Khan and Safyaan Sharif with 17 wickets each.

After the conclusion of the Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament, the ICC named Mujeeb as the rising star of the Afghanistan team.

In May 2018, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for the first test match against India. He made his Test debut for Afghanistan on June 14, 2018 against India. Mujeeb became the sixth player and the first for Afghanistan to make his first-class debut in a Test match. He was the first player born in the 21st century to play Test cricket and also the youngest player to appear in his country's first Test match (17 years and 78 days). His first and only Test wicket was Cheteshwar Pujara.

In April 2019, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. After the World Cup, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named Mujeeb as the squad's rising star.

In September 2021, he was named in the Afghanistan squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. In Afghanistan's first match of the tournament against Scotland, Mujeeb took his first five-wicket haul in T20I cricket, taking five wickets for twenty runs. This also made him the first player to take a five-wicket haul on T20 World Cup debut.

Personal Life

In 2020, at the age of 19, he married in Kabul.